Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology
Government of India
Model Syllabus For TWO-YEAR M.SC. ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
SEMESTER - I
BT 611. Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology
The dynamic cell
Cell organization, sub-cellular structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Organelle biogenesis
Synthesis and sorting of plasma membrane.
Transport across cell membranes.
Eukaryotic cell cycle.
Signal transduction and regulation.
Cancer/oncogenes
Organelle biogenesis
Synthesis and sorting of plasma membrane.
Transport across cell membranes.
Eukaryotic cell cycle.
Signal transduction and regulation.
Cancer/oncogenes
Immunity : Diversity
Prokaryotes as genetic systems
Sources of variation
Methods of genetic analysis
Prokaryotic chromosomes
Conjugation, transformation and transduction
Eukaryotic genome organisation
C-value paradox, Cot-value
Chromatin structure
Chromosome replication
Structure and organisation of eukaryotic genes
rRNA gene
Histone gene
Immunoglobin gene
Developmental biology
Sources of variation
Methods of genetic analysis
Prokaryotic chromosomes
Conjugation, transformation and transduction
Eukaryotic genome organisation
C-value paradox, Cot-value
Chromatin structure
Chromosome replication
Structure and organisation of eukaryotic genes
rRNA gene
Histone gene
Immunoglobin gene
Developmental biology
BT 612 . Techniques in Cell Biology
Microscopy :
Principles of microscopy and optics
Cell size determination
Staining (gram, fluorescence, geimsa)
Inverted microscopy
Chromosomal preparation from bone marrow and testicular tissue
Karyotyping
In situ hybridization, FISH, GISH
Microtomy and photography
Cell size determination
Staining (gram, fluorescence, geimsa)
Inverted microscopy
Chromosomal preparation from bone marrow and testicular tissue
Karyotyping
In situ hybridization, FISH, GISH
Microtomy and photography
Cell Fractionation :
Microbiological techniques
Sterilization
Media preparation
Culture maintenance
Single colony purification
Bacterial titre estimation
Growth curve
Replica plating
Culture characterization
Auxotroph isolation
Viruses and bacteriophages
Biochemical characterization
Antibiotic sensitivity
Conjugational genetic transformation
Generalised transduction
Fermentation
Immunological techniques
Agglutination and precipitation gel diffusion compliment fixation
Immuno-electrophoresis, ELISA, RIA.
Microbiological techniques
Sterilization
Media preparation
Culture maintenance
Single colony purification
Bacterial titre estimation
Growth curve
Replica plating
Culture characterization
Auxotroph isolation
Viruses and bacteriophages
Biochemical characterization
Antibiotic sensitivity
Conjugational genetic transformation
Generalised transduction
Fermentation
Immunological techniques
Agglutination and precipitation gel diffusion compliment fixation
Immuno-electrophoresis, ELISA, RIA.
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BT 613. Fundamentals of Molecular Biology
Introduction
Weak bonds
Thermodynamics
Equilibrium in molecular recognition and biological functions
Thermodynamics
Equilibrium in molecular recognition and biological functions
Proteins
Structural organization
Conformation and biological function
Conformation and biological function
Enzymes
Classification
Active site
Kinetics and regulation
Active site
Kinetics and regulation
Nucleic Acids
Genetic material
Structures of DNA and RNA
Stereochemistry of bases and secondary structures
Organisation of the nucleic acids - chromatin structure
Genetic structure analysis of pro and eukaryotic genome
Structures of DNA and RNA
Stereochemistry of bases and secondary structures
Organisation of the nucleic acids - chromatin structure
Genetic structure analysis of pro and eukaryotic genome
DNA replication
Evidence of basic targets
Enzymes
Models of DNA replication in pro and eukaryotes
Enzymes
Models of DNA replication in pro and eukaryotes
Transcription
Enzymes
t,m,r and hn RNA structures and folding
Mechanisms in pro and eukaryotes
RNA splicing
t,m,r and hn RNA structures and folding
Mechanisms in pro and eukaryotes
RNA splicing
Translation
Ribosomes
Genetic code
Steps in protein synthesis
Post-translational modifications
Protein targeting
Genetic code
Steps in protein synthesis
Post-translational modifications
Protein targeting
Gene Regulation
General control of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis
Gene regulation in prokaryotes
Gene clustering and operon concept
Mechanism of positive and negative control of gene expression
Gene regulation in prokaryotes
Gene clustering and operon concept
Mechanism of positive and negative control of gene expression
Eukaryotes
Translational and transcriptional control of regulatory mechanism of gene
expression
expression
Genomics
Structural genomics
Functional genomics and proteomics
Applications of genomics
Functional genomics and proteomics
Applications of genomics
SEMESTER - II
BT 621. Techniques in Molecular Biology
Agarose gel electrophoresis of plasmid and genomic DNA
Electroelution
SDS - PAGE of protein from microbes, animals,
Mini and bulk preparation of plasmids from E.coli
Mini and bulk preparation of genomic DNA from microbes, animals
Restriction mapping of plasmid DNA
Transformation of E.coli with plasmid DNA
Electroelution
SDS - PAGE of protein from microbes, animals,
Mini and bulk preparation of plasmids from E.coli
Mini and bulk preparation of genomic DNA from microbes, animals
Restriction mapping of plasmid DNA
Transformation of E.coli with plasmid DNA
Demonstration of
PCR amplification, RAPD.
Southern , Northern and Western blotting and hybridization.
DNA sequencing
Protein sequencing
Molecular characterization of DNA Tm
Southern , Northern and Western blotting and hybridization.
DNA sequencing
Protein sequencing
Molecular characterization of DNA Tm
BT 622. Principles of Genetic Engineering
Recombinant DNA technology
Major events
Genomic and cDNA clones
Different methodologies and the rationale of cloning a gene
Major events
Genomic and cDNA clones
Different methodologies and the rationale of cloning a gene
The Tools of Genetic Engineering
Concept of restriction and modification
Restriction endonucleases
Modifying enzymes
Ligases
Host-vector system- E.coli as a host
Restriction endonucleases
Modifying enzymes
Ligases
Host-vector system- E.coli as a host
Different Kinds of Vectors
Plasmids, phage vectors, M 13, cosmids, phagemids,
YACS, BACS, PACS and expression vectors
YACS, BACS, PACS and expression vectors
The Means of Genetic Engineering
Different strategies of cloning
Ligation strategies
Genomic libraries
cDNA libraries
Gene tagging
Introduction to molecular marker technology
Ligation strategies
Genomic libraries
cDNA libraries
Gene tagging
Introduction to molecular marker technology
The Product
Sub cloning
Nested deletions
Sequencing and sequence analysis
Site-directed mutagenesis
Expression of cloned genes
Isolation and purification of the expressed product
Nested deletions
Sequencing and sequence analysis
Site-directed mutagenesis
Expression of cloned genes
Isolation and purification of the expressed product
PCR Technology
Different types of PCR
Applications of PCR in cloning genes, promoters and flanking sequences.
Utilising PCR in the lab for preparation of probes
PCR on molecular marker technology, forensics and paternity decisions.
Different types of PCR
Applications of PCR in cloning genes, promoters and flanking sequences.
Utilising PCR in the lab for preparation of probes
PCR on molecular marker technology, forensics and paternity decisions.
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BT 623. Techniques in Genetic Engineering
- Cloning and Transformation in Eukaryotes
Vector preparations
Insert preparations
Ligation
Transformation
a) Methods of direct transformation
PEG mediated, microinjection, particle bombardment, electroporation
b) Methods of indirect transformation Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes
screening for recombinant clones
- Cloning and Transformation in Eukaryotes
a) Methods of direct transformation
PEG mediated, microinjection, particle bombardment, electroporation
b) Methods of indirect transformation
Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes
PEG mediated, microinjection, particle bombardment, electroporation
b) Methods of indirect transformation
Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes
- Analysis of the recombinant DNA
Isolation of the recombinant plasmid
Restriction analysis
Excision of the insert
Restriction analysis of the excised insert
Sequence analysis of the insert
Construction of genomic and cDNA library
Gene isolation
Promoter analysis
Gene expression (reporter gene and immuno detection)
Restriction analysis
Excision of the insert
Restriction analysis of the excised insert
Sequence analysis of the insert
Construction of genomic and cDNA library
Gene isolation
Promoter analysis
Gene expression (reporter gene and immuno detection)
SEMESTER - III
BT 631. Techniques in Animal Tissue Culture
Media for culturing cells and tissues; natural and defined media.
Preparation of various tissue culture media, sterilization and storage.
Sterilization of various equipments and apparatus
Short-term lymphocyte culture (suspension cultures)
Fibroblast cultures from neonatal rat skin
Development and maintenance of cell lines
Demonstration of cell hybridization: hybridoma and monoclonal antibody production
Invitro culture of oocytes/embryos
Cell/embryo cryopreservation
Stem cell isolation and culture
Preparation of various tissue culture media, sterilization and storage.
Sterilization of various equipments and apparatus
Short-term lymphocyte culture (suspension cultures)
Fibroblast cultures from neonatal rat skin
Development and maintenance of cell lines
Demonstration of cell hybridization: hybridoma and monoclonal antibody production
Invitro culture of oocytes/embryos
Cell/embryo cryopreservation
Stem cell isolation and culture
BT 632. Biotechnology for Animal Improvement
Conventional methods of animal improvement, predominantly selective breeding
and cross-breeding.
Embryo biotechniques for augumentation of reproductive efficiency and faster multiplication
of superior germ plasm.
Super ovulation
Oestrus synchronisation
Embryo collection, evaluation and transfer.
Invitro maturation of oocytes
Invitro fertilisation and embryo culture
Embryo preservation
Micro manipulation and cloning
Somatic cell cloning
Embryo sexing
Identification and isolation of genes of economic importance
Transgenesis for animal improvement and production of animals as bioreactors for proteins
of pharmaceuticals value
Gene mapping in farm animals
Marker-assisted selection and genetic improvement of livestock
and cross-breeding.
Embryo biotechniques for augumentation of reproductive efficiency and faster multiplication
of superior germ plasm.
Super ovulation
Oestrus synchronisation
Embryo collection, evaluation and transfer.
Invitro maturation of oocytes
Invitro fertilisation and embryo culture
Embryo preservation
Micro manipulation and cloning
Somatic cell cloning
Embryo sexing
Identification and isolation of genes of economic importance
Transgenesis for animal improvement and production of animals as bioreactors for proteins
of pharmaceuticals value
Gene mapping in farm animals
Marker-assisted selection and genetic improvement of livestock
BT 633. Biodiversity, IPR , Biosafety & Bioethics
Definition
Historical and geographical causes for diversity
Genetic diversity
Molecular taxonomy
Species and population biodiversity
Quantifying biodiversity
Maintenance of ecological biodiversity
Biodiversity and centres of origins of animals
Biodiversity hot spots in India
Collection and conservation of biodiversity, conservation of animal genetic
resources
Assessing, analyzing and documenting biodiversity
Morphological and molecular characterization of biodiversity
Vulnerability and extinction of biodiversity
Introduction to biodiversity database: endangered animals, endemism and
Red data books
Global biodiversity information system
Intellectual property rights (IPR), sovereignty rights, CBD, bioethics and patenting
General agreement on trade and tariffs
Indian sui-generis system for animal variety and farmer’s rights protection act.
Historical and geographical causes for diversity
Genetic diversity
Molecular taxonomy
Species and population biodiversity
Quantifying biodiversity
Maintenance of ecological biodiversity
Biodiversity and centres of origins of animals
Biodiversity hot spots in India
Collection and conservation of biodiversity, conservation of animal genetic
resources
Assessing, analyzing and documenting biodiversity
Morphological and molecular characterization of biodiversity
Vulnerability and extinction of biodiversity
Introduction to biodiversity database: endangered animals, endemism and
Red data books
Global biodiversity information system
Intellectual property rights (IPR), sovereignty rights, CBD, bioethics and patenting
General agreement on trade and tariffs
Indian sui-generis system for animal variety and farmer’s rights protection act.
Biosafety
Definition
Requirement
Biosafety and biodiversity
Biosafety for human health and environment
Social and ethical issues
Biosafety in relation to transgenic research and applications
Definition
Requirement
Biosafety and biodiversity
Biosafety for human health and environment
Social and ethical issues
Biosafety in relation to transgenic research and applications
BT 634. Introduction to Immunology and Vaccinology
Immune response : innate, acquired and passive
Antigen : properties of antigen, epitope, concept of epitope for B-cell and T-cell response
Antibody : different types/classes of immunoglobulins
Antigen-antibody reaction various tests to detect antibody-antigen reaction in-vitro
viz., immuno-diffusion, immuno-electrophoresis, ELISA.
Introduction to monoclonal antibody production : concept and applications
Recent developments in vaccine technology
Different types of vaccines, i.e., sub-unit vaccines, recombinant vaccines, synthetic vaccines, idiotypic based
vaccines, DNA vaccines, glycoconjugate vaccines, deletion vaccines.
Genetic basis of attenuation, vaccine vectors, large-scale production of vaccines and automation.
Vaccine delivery system and approaches to enhance immunogenecity immunomodulators and,
immunomodulation adjuvant.
Delivery of particulate antigens through liposomes, microsheres, protein cocheleates.
GMPs and quality control of conventional vis-à-vis recombinant vaccines.
Antigen : properties of antigen, epitope, concept of epitope for B-cell and T-cell response
Antibody : different types/classes of immunoglobulins
Antigen-antibody reaction various tests to detect antibody-antigen reaction in-vitro
viz., immuno-diffusion, immuno-electrophoresis, ELISA.
Introduction to monoclonal antibody production : concept and applications
Recent developments in vaccine technology
Different types of vaccines, i.e., sub-unit vaccines, recombinant vaccines, synthetic vaccines, idiotypic based
vaccines, DNA vaccines, glycoconjugate vaccines, deletion vaccines.
Genetic basis of attenuation, vaccine vectors, large-scale production of vaccines and automation.
Vaccine delivery system and approaches to enhance immunogenecity immunomodulators and,
immunomodulation adjuvant.
Delivery of particulate antigens through liposomes, microsheres, protein cocheleates.
GMPs and quality control of conventional vis-à-vis recombinant vaccines.
Minor Courses
Semester- I
Essentials in Biochemistry
Water pH and buffer, chemistry of living matter, protein structure, biomembranes, molecular weight, enzyme
kinetics and mechanisms of action, coenzymes and their function, metabolic pathways of carbohydrates, lipidand
amino acids, purines and pyrimidines, structure and role of nucleic acids, vitamins, minerals and hormones.
Water pH and buffer, chemistry of living matter, protein structure, biomembranes, molecular weight, enzyme
kinetics and mechanisms of action, coenzymes and their function, metabolic pathways of carbohydrates, lipidand
amino acids, purines and pyrimidines, structure and role of nucleic acids, vitamins, minerals and hormones.
Molecular Biophysics
Laws of thermodynamics, heat, energy and work, chemical equilibrium, electron microscopy, sedimentation and
viscosity, chromatography, electrophoresis, tracer techniques, light scattering and X-ray diffraction, absorption
spectroscopy (UV, visible, infrared, raman, NMR, ESR) and their uses, circular dichroism and optical rotatory
dispersion principles and applications, microarray technology.
viscosity, chromatography, electrophoresis, tracer techniques, light scattering and X-ray diffraction, absorption
spectroscopy (UV, visible, infrared, raman, NMR, ESR) and their uses, circular dichroism and optical rotatory
dispersion principles and applications, microarray technology.
Semester- II
Bioinformatics & Statistics
Introduction
Computers in biology
Software and hardware requirements
Databases
Internet
Databases
Concept
Assessing a database on internet
Searching a database
Query and response
Developing a database
FTP and WWW
Introduction
Computers in biology
Software and hardware requirements
Databases
Internet
Databases
Concept
Assessing a database on internet
Searching a database
Query and response
Developing a database
FTP and WWW
Biostatistics
Using different software packages like SYSTAT and SAAS, etc.
Enzyme kinetics
Using software like leonara and winzyme for enzyme kinetics analysis
Using different software packages like SYSTAT and SAAS, etc.
Enzyme kinetics
Using software like leonara and winzyme for enzyme kinetics analysis
Genomics
Structural genomics - sequencing and sequence analysis software like GCG, etc.
Functional genomics - genefinder etc.
Proteomics
Three dimensional structural prediction swissprot, etc.
Computer graphics
Creation of recombinant molecules
Virtual analysis of biomolecules using vector NT, DNA star, etc.
Molecular modelling
Modelling of different macromolecules and
Structural analysis using hyperchem, etc.
Structural genomics - sequencing and sequence analysis software like GCG, etc.
Functional genomics - genefinder etc.
Proteomics
Three dimensional structural prediction swissprot, etc.
Computer graphics
Creation of recombinant molecules
Virtual analysis of biomolecules using vector NT, DNA star, etc.
Molecular modelling
Modelling of different macromolecules and
Structural analysis using hyperchem, etc.
Semester- III
Microbiology
Nature of microbial world
The protists
The prokaryotes: an introductory survey
The effect of environment on microbial growth
The relations between structure and function in prokaryotic cells
The viruses
Classification of bacteria
The photosynthetic prokaryotes microorganisms as geochemical agents
Symbiosis
Microbial diseases of plants
The exploitation of micro organisms by man
Industrial
Agricultural
Environmental
Nature of microbial world
The protists
The prokaryotes: an introductory survey
The effect of environment on microbial growth
The relations between structure and function in prokaryotic cells
The viruses
Classification of bacteria
The photosynthetic prokaryotes microorganisms as geochemical agents
Symbiosis
Microbial diseases of plants
The exploitation of micro organisms by man
Industrial
Agricultural
Environmental
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